Primark验厂审核流程与要求：审核频次、评级与后果

搞清楚流程，是应对 Primark 验厂的第一步。Primark 的审核逻辑可以概括为：先审核、后下单；每年至少审一次、以不通知为主；有问题出整改计划（CAP）、有红线直接不批准。

一、谁来审？

“Audits are conducted by either Primark or one of our approved Third-party audit companies and once approved, have regular follow up audits.”
—— Primark Social Audit Performance Statement 2023

即审核的执行方有两种：

1. Primark 自己的审核员（基于采购国的 Primark 员工）；
2. Primark 认可的第三方审核公司。

ABF 集团报告进一步说明：

“These audits are carried out by Primark employees based in sourcing countries, and also by carefully selected third parties.”

二、审核的类型与频次

审核类型	说明	通知方式
初始审批审核（pre-supply / initial approval）	新工厂在接单前必须完成，是 onboarding 的一部分	100% 不通知
年度审核（regular audit）	已获批工厂至少每年一次	大多数不通知
跟踪审核（follow-up）	针对整改计划完成情况的复核	以不通知为主

“先审核、后下单”：

“Any new factory producing goods for resale must undergo a social audit as part of our onboarding process… No orders are placed until the factory has been audited and approved… Approval is dependent on acceptable audit results and is not guaranteed.”

年度频次：

“Once a factory is approved to produce Primark products, Primark continues to assess the factory by conducting an audit at least once a year, with the majority of these audits being unannounced.”
——《2025年现代奴隶制声明》第5页

2024年的实际数据（《2025年现代奴隶制声明》附件二，统计口径为2024自然年）：

• 98% 的一级供应商工厂接受了审核（其余2%因计划停产）；
• 91% 的审核为不通知审核（不含初始审批审核——初始审批审核始终不通知）；
• 全年共执行 2,468 次审核。

三、审核评级：Grade 1 / 2 / 3

Primark 对工厂的合规状况分三级，Grade 1 最好，Grade 3 最差：

等级	官方定义
Grade 1	“Good systems in place to ensure ethical compliance, limited number of minor issues.”（体系良好，仅少量轻微问题）
Grade 2	“Evidence of some good systems in place, however, not achieved full ethical compliance.”（有部分良好体系，但未完全达标）
Grade 3	“Ethical compliance not met, with significant and numerous issues.”（不合规，存在大量重大问题）

四、零容忍与不批准

“Any factories with critical or zero tolerance issues would not be approved.”
—— Primark Social Audit Performance Statement 2023

集团层面的口径是：

“We expect our businesses to apply the principles set out in our Group Supplier Code of Conduct, including our zero tolerance of forced labour and modern slavery.”
—— ABF《2025年现代奴隶制声明》

简言之：存在关键（critical）或零容忍（zero tolerance）问题的工厂，不会被批准。常见零容忍方向包括童工、强迫劳动、体罚/骚扰等（具体清单以 Primark 官方评定为准）。

五、整改：纠正措施计划（CAP）

一旦审核发现问题，就进入整改流程：

“Where any issues are identified through an audit, a corrective action plan is put in place, which outlines any areas for improvement and the agreed actions required to make those improvements.”

“At the end of each audit, supplier factories are issued with a time-bound corrective action plan.”
—— ABF《2025年责任报告》第40页

注意两个关键词：time-bound（有时限） 和 agreed actions（双方商定的措施）。也就是说，CAP 里的完成期限是审核现场与工厂共同确认的，逾期未完成会直接体现到下一次审核结论里。

六、最严重的违约：未经授权分包（Unauthorised Subcontracting）

这是 Primark 文件中处罚规则写得最明确的一条：

“Unauthorised subcontracting by a supplier is strictly prohibited and constitutes a breach of our contracts with suppliers.”

“If unauthorised subcontracting is suspected, we conduct an unannounced assessment of the authorised site to verify.”

“If unauthorised subcontracting is confirmed, the approved factory linked to this will not be able to receive orders from Primark until the supplier and the approved factory can demonstrate they have put in place measures to manage and prevent any further issues of unauthorised subcontracting. Our local team will also perform an assessment of the unauthorised sites to identify any violations.”
——《2025年现代奴隶制声明》第10页

处理逻辑是：

1. 怀疑违规 → 对已授权工厂做不通知的现场核实；
2. 确认违规 → 停止下新订单，直到供应商和工厂举证已建立防止再犯的措施；
3. 同步 → 当地团队评估未授权的场所，识别违规情况。

2024年数据：共发现 53 起未经授权分包事件。

七、风险导向与国别风险评估

Primark 采用风险导向、以工人为中心（risk-based, worker-centric） 的方法：

“Country risk assessments: we use external reports and publicly available, credible information sources to build assessments for every country we source from. This includes political, economic, social and legal analysis and risk-mapping.”